About Gum Disease - Periodontitis

Periodontitis Overview

Gum disease, also called periodontitis, occurs when a bacterial infection develops where the gums join the teeth. Harmful bacteria assemble in a complex structure called a biofilm and release enzymes that cause inflammation. If left untreated, this inflammatory response can destroy the supporting structures that anchor the teeth, resulting in receding gums and possibly tooth loss.

Bacteria associated with periodontal diseases can travel into the bloodstream and may result in other adverse health effects. Gum disease has been linked to heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer and preterm births. This makes early detection of periodontal diseases very important.

Symptoms may include red, swollen and bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, and tooth sensitivity. Ask a dental professional about gum disease if you are experiencing any of these symptoms.

Key Facts of Gum Disease

  • Periodontal disease is a bacterial infection often characterized by red, swollen gums that may bleed easily
  • Periodontal disease is the #1 cause of tooth loss in adults
  • More than half of people over age 30 have some form of periodontal disease
  • Periodontal disease can be painless and may go undetected
  • Oral health plays an important role in total body health
  • Bacteria associated with periodontal disease can travel into the bloodstream and may result in other adverse health effects. Early detection of periodontal disease is critical to maintaining overall health.
  • Regular dental hygiene visits and annual periodontal assessments (including measuring probe readings) are key components of high-quality oral care and your overall health

Stages of Gum Disease

HEALTHY GUMS

Firm, pink gum tissue that does not bleed when probed, flossed or brushed.

GINGIVITIS

Red, swollen gum tissue bleeds when probed, brushed or flossed. Does not necessarily lead to periodontitis.
 

MILD CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Bacterial biofilm, virulence factors and the body’s immune response result in loss of connective tissue attachment and bone support for teeth. Signs may include pocket formation and gum recession.

ADVANCED CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

Disease progression results in severe loss of connective tissue attachment and destruction of bone support leading to tooth mobility, tooth migration, pus and possible tooth loss.